Code papers

These papers describe some of the numerical methods employed in this release. We kindly invite you to cite these papers if you use BHAC in a scientific publication.

  • Porth, O., Olivares, H., Mizuno, Y., Younsi, Z., Rezzolla, L., Moscibrodzka, M., Falcke, H., Kramer, M. (2017). The Black Hole Accretion Code. Computational Astrophysics and Cosmology, 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40668-017-0020-2
  • Olivares, H., Porth, O., Davelaar, J., Most, E. R., Fromm, C. M., Mizuno, Y., Younsi, Z., Rezzolla, L. (2019). Constrained transport and adaptive mesh refinement in the Black Hole Accretion Code. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 629, A61. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935559

When using the resistive GRMHD module, you should additionally cite:

  • Ripperda, B., Bacchini, F., Porth, O., Most, E. R., Olivares, H., Nathanail, A., Rezzolla, L., Teunissen, J., Keppens, R. (2019). General-relativistic Resistive Magnetohydrodynamics with Robust Primitive-variable Recovery for Accretion Disk Simulations. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 244, Issue 1, article id. 10, 19 pp. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab3922

When using the electron heating- and cooling physics (available in version 1.2), you should cite:

  • Dihingia, I. K., Mizuno, Y., Fromm, C. M., and Rezzolla, L. (2023). Temperature properties in magnetized and radiatively cooled two-temperature accretion flows on to a black hole. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 518, no. 1, pp. 405–417. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3165

Papers featuring BHAC

Here is a (probably incomplete) list of papers that make use of simulations produced with BHAC. Please let us know if you found BHAC useful in one of your publications!

2024

  • The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration et al., First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Physical Interpretation of the Polarized Ring, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 964 L26 (2024), http://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad2df1
  • Mohan, Arya; Protopapas, Pavlos ; Kunnumkai, Keerthi ; Garraffo, Cecilia ; Blackburn, Lindy ; Chatterjee, Koushik; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Emami, Razieh; Fromm, Christian M.; Mizuno, Yosuke; Ricarte, Angelo, Generating images of the M87* black hole using GANs, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 527, Issue 4, pp.10965-10974 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3797
  • Mpisketzis, V., Duqué, R., Nathanail, A. ; Cruz-Osorio, A., Rezzolla, L. Impact of anisotropic ejecta on jet dynamics and afterglow emission in binary neutron-star mergers, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 527, Issue 3, pp.9159-9175 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad3774
  • Das, P., Porth, O., Three-dimensional GRMHD Simulations of Neutron Star Jets, The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 960, Issue 2, id.L12, 10 pp. (2024), https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad151f

2023

  • Davelaar, J., Ripperda, B., Sironi, L., Philippov, A. A., Olivares, H., Porth, O., Berg, B. van den, Bronzwaer, T. , Chatterjee, K., Liska, M., Synchrotron Polarization Signatures of Surface Waves in Supermassive Black Hole Jets. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 959, Issue 1, id.L3, 15 pp. (2023), https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad0b79
  • Dihingia, Indu K., Mizuno, Yosuke, Sharma, Prateek, High-soft to Low-hard State Transition in Black Hole X-Ray Binaries with GRMHD Simulations, The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 958, Issue 2, id.105, 11 pp. (2023), https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad0049
  • Olivares, Héctor R., Mościbrodzka, Monika A., Porth, Oliver, General relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of perturbed transonic accretion. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 678, id.A141, 19 pp. (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202346010
  • Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Rezzolla, Luciano; Lora-Clavijo, Fabio D.; Font, José Antonio; Herdeiro, Carlos; Radu, Eugen, Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton accretion onto a rotating black hole with ultralight scalar hair. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Volume 2023, Issue 08, id.057, 26 pp. (2023), https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/08/057
  • J. Röder, A. Cruz-Osorio, C. M. Fromm, Y. Mizuno, Z. Younsi, and L. Rezzolla, Probing the spacetime and accretion model for the Galactic Center: Comparison of Kerr and dilaton black hole shadows, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 671, p. A143, (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244866
  • Jiang, H.-X., Mizuno, Y., Fromm, C. M., and Nathanail, A., Two-temperature GRMHD simulations of black hole accretion flows with multiple magnetic loops. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 522, 2, 2307–2324 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1106
  • La Bella, Noemi; Issaoun, Sara; Roelofs, Freek; Fromm, Christian; Falcke, Heino, Expanding Sgr A* dynamical imaging capabilities with an African extension to the Event Horizon Telescope. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 672, id.A16, 10 pp. (2023), https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245344
  • Dihingia, Indu K., Mizuno, Yosuke, Fromm, Christian M., Rezzolla, Luciano, Temperature properties in magnetized and radiatively cooled two-temperature accretion flows on to a black hole. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 518, 1, 405-417 (2023), https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3165

2022

  • Dihingia, Indu K., Vaidya, Bhargav, Fendt, Christian, Truncated accretion discs in black hole X-ray binaries: dynamics and variability signatures. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 517, 4, 5032-5049 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3021
  • Çıkıntoğlu, S., Ekşi, K. Y. & Rezzolla, L. GRMHD simulations of accreting neutron stars I: Nonrotating dipoles. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2022), https://10.1093/mnras/stac2510
  • Das, P., Porth, O. & Watts, A. L. GRMHD simulations of accreting neutron stars with non-dipole fields. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 515, 3144–3161 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1817
  • Nathanail, A., Dhang, P. & Fromm, C. M. Magnetic field structure in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole in low-luminosity galaxies: the case of Sgr A*. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 513, 5204–5210 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1276
  • Nathanail, A., Mpisketzis, V., Porth, O., Fromm, C. M. & Rezzolla, L. Magnetic reconnection and plasmoid formation in three-dimensional accretion flows around black holes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 513, 4267–4277 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac1118
  • Dihingia, I. K. & Vaidya, B. Properties of the accretion disc, jet and disc-wind around Kerr black hole. Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy 43, 23 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1007/s12036-022-09804-z
  • Georgiev, B. et al. A Universal Power-law Prescription for Variability from Synthetic Images of Black Hole Accretion Flows. The Astrophysical Journal 930, L20 (2022), https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac65eb
  • Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration et al. First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Testing Astrophysical Models of the Galactic Center Black Hole. The Astrophysical Journal 930, L16 (2022), https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6672
  • Fromm, C. M. et al. Impact of non-thermal particles on the spectral and structural properties of M87. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 660, id.A107, 22 pp. 660, A107 (2022), https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202142295
  • Cielo, S., Porth, O., Iapichino, L.; Karmakar, A.; Olivares, H.; Xia, C., Optimizing the hybrid parallelization of BHAC, Astronomy and Computing, 38, 100509, https://doi:10.1016/j.ascom.2021.100509
  • Mizuno, Y., GRMHD Simulations and Modeling for Jet Formation and Acceleration Region in AGNs, Universe, 8 (2), p. 85, January 2022, https://doi:10.3390/universe8020085
  • Cruz-Osorio, A., Fromm, C. M., Mizuno, Y., Nathanail, A., Younsi, Z., Porth, O., Davelaar, J., Falcke, H., Kramer, M., Rezzolla, L., State-of-the-art energetic and morphological modelling of the launching site of the M87 jet, Nature Astronomy, 6, p. 103-108, January 2022, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-021-01506-w

2021

  • Chernoglazov, A., Ripperda, B., Philippov, A. A., Dynamic Alignment and Plasmoid Formation in Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence, ApJL 923 (1) L13, December 2021, https://doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac3afa
  • TenBarge, J. M., Ripperda, B., Chernoglazov, A., Bhattacharjee, A., Mahlmann, J. F., Most, E. R., Juno, J., Yuan, Y., Philippov, A. A., Weak Alfvénic turbulence in relativistic plasmas. Part 1. Dynamical equations and basic dynamics of interacting resonant triads, Journal of Plasma Physics, 87 (6), 905870614, December 2021, https://doi:10.1017/S002237782100115X
  • Ripperda, B., Mahlmann, J.F., Chernoglazov, A., TenBarge, J.M., Most, E.R., Juno, J., Yuan, Y., Philippov, A.A., and Bhattacharjee, A., Weak Alfvénic turbulence in relativistic plasmas II: current sheets and dissipation, Journal of Plasma Physics, 87(5), 905870512. doi:10.1017/S0022377821000957
  • Bransgrove, A., Ripperda, B., and Philippov, A., Magnetic Hair and Reconnection in Black Hole Magnetospheres, Physical Review Letters 127, 055101, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.127.055101
  • Mizuno, Y, Fromm, C. M., Younsi, Z., Porth, O., Olivares, H., Rezzolla, L., Comparison of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio prescription: GRMHD simulations with electron thermodynamics, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 506, Issue 1, September 2021, Pages 741–758, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1753
  • Teodoro, M. C., Collodel, L. G., Kunz, J. (2021), Tidal effects in the motion of gas clouds around boson stars, Physical Review D, 103, 104064, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.103.104064
  • Dihingia, I., K., Vaidya, B., Fendt, C., Jets, disc-winds, and oscillations in general relativistic, magnetically driven flows around black hole, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 505, Issue 3, August 2021, Pages 3596–3615, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1512
  • Porth, O., Mizuno, Y., Younsi, Z., Fromm, C. M. (2021). Flares in the Galactic Centre – I. Orbiting flux tubes in magnetically arrested black hole accretion discs, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 502, Issue 2, Pages 2023-2032, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab163
  • Nathanail, A., Gill, R., Porth, O., Fromm, C. M., Rezzolla, L. (2021). 3D magnetized jet break-out from neutron-star binary merger ejecta: afterglow emission from the jet and the ejecta, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 502, Issue 2, Pages 1843-1855, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab115
  • Bronzwaer, T., Davelaar, J., Younsi, Z., Mościbrodzka, M., Olivares, H., Mizuno, Y.,; Vos, J., Falcke, H. (2021). Visibility of black hole shadows in low-luminosity AGN, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 501, Issue 4, Pages 4722-4747, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3430

2020

  • L. R. Weih, A. Gabbana, D. Simeoni, L. Rezzolla, S. Succi, R. Tripiccione (2020). Beyond moments: relativistic Lattice-Boltzmann methods for radiative transport in computational astrophysics. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 498, Issue 3, pp. 3374–3394, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2575
  • Ripperda, B., Bacchini, F., Philippov, A. A. (2020). Magnetic Reconnection and Hot Spot Formation in Black Hole Accretion Disks, The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 900, Number 2, Pages 100-114, https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ababab
  • Olivares, H., Younsi, Z., Fromm, C. M., De Laurentis, M., Porth, O., Mizuno, Y., Falcke, H., Kramer, M., Rezzolla, L. (2020). How to tell an accreting boson star from a black hole, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 497, Issue 1, Pages 521–535, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1878
  • Nathanail A., Gill R., Porth O., Fromm C. M., Rezzolla L., (2020). On the opening angle of magnetized jets from neutron-star mergers: the case of GRB170817A, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 495, Issue 4, Pages 3780–3787, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1454
  • Nathanail A., Fromm C. M., Porth O., Olivares H., Younsi Z., Mizuno Y., Rezzolla L. (2020). Plasmoid formation in global GRMHD simulations and AGN flares, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 495, Issue 2, Pages 1549–1565, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1165
  • Weih L. R., Olivares H., Rezzolla L. (2020). Two-moment scheme for general-relativistic radiation hydrodynamics: a systematic description and new applications, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 495, Issue 2, Pages 2285–2304, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1297
  • van der Gucht J., Davelaar J., Hendriks L., Porth O., Olivares H., Mizuno Y., Fromm C. M., Falcke H. (2020). Deep Horizon: A machine learning network that recovers accreting black hole parameters, Astronomy & Astrophysics 636, A94, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201937014
  • F. Roelofs, et al. The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, (2020). SYMBA: An end-to-end VLBI synthetic data generation pipeline Simulating Event Horizon Telescope observations of M 87, Astronomy & Astrophysics 636, A5, https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936622
  • Cruz-Osorio, A., Rezzolla, L. (2020), Common-envelope Dynamics of a Stellar-mass Black Hole: General Relativistic Simulations, The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 894, Issue 2, id.147, 17 pp. May 2020, https://doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab89aa
  • Cruz-Osorio, A., Gimeno-Soler, S., Font, J. A. (2020). Non-linear evolutions of magnetized thick discs around black holes: dependence on the initial data. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 492, Issue 4, p.5730-5742. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa216

2019

  • Davelaar, J., Olivares, H., Porth, O., Bronzwaer, T., Janssen, M., Roelofs, F., Mizuno, Y., Fromm, C.M., Falcke, H., Rezzolla, L. (2019). Modeling non-thermal emission from the jet-launching region of M 87 with adaptive mesh refinement. Astronomy & Astrophysics. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936150
  • Porth, O., Chatterjee, K., Narayan, R., Gammie, C. F., Mizuno, Y., Anninos, P., et al., The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration. (2019). The Event Horizon General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Code Comparison Project. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 243(2), 26. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab29fd
  • Ripperda, B., Bacchini, F., Porth, O., Most, E. R., Olivares, H., Nathanail, A., Rezzolla, L., Teunissen, J., Keppens, R. (2019). General-relativistic Resistive Magnetohydrodynamics with Robust Primitive-variable Recovery for Accretion Disk Simulations. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 244, Issue 1, article id. 10, 19 pp. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab3922
  • The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (2019). First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole. The Astrophysical Journal, 875(1), L6. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab1141
  • The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (2019). First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring. The Astrophysical Journal, 875(1), L5. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0f43
  • The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (2019). First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole. The Astrophysical Journal, 875(1), L1. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7
  • Ripperda, B., Porth, O., Sironi, L., Keppens, R. (2019). Relativistic resistive magnetohydrodynamic reconnection and plasmoid formation in merging flux tubes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 485, Issue 1, p.299-314. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz387
  • Bacchini, F., Ripperda, B., Porth, O., Sironi, L. (2019). Generalized, Energy-conserving Numerical Simulations of Particles in General Relativity. II. Test Particles in Electromagnetic Fields and GRMHD. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 240, Issue 2, article id. 40, 25 pp. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/aafcb3
  • Nathanail, Antonios, Porth, Oliver, Rezzolla, Luciano (2019). Magnetically Inspired Explosive Outflows from Neutron-star Mergers. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 870, Issue 2, article id. L20, 6 pp. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aaf73a

2018

  • de Avellar, M. G. B., Porth, O., Younsi, Z., & Rezzolla, L. (2018). Kilohertz QPOs in low-mass X-ray binaries as oscillation modes of tori around neutron stars – I. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 474(3), 3967–3975. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3071
  • Mizuno, Y., Younsi, Z., Fromm, C. M., Porth, O., De Laurentis, M., Olivares, H., Falcke, H., Kramer, M., Rezzolla, L. (2018). The current ability to test theories of gravity with black hole shadows. Nature Astronomy, 2(7), 585–590. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0449-5